The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is a simple non-invasive vascular study commonly used to diagnose Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). The ABI uses an ultrasound Doppler to determine the ratio of the highest systolic pressure at the arm to the systolic pressure at the ankle. A lower systolic pressure ratio at the ankle may indicate the presence of PAD.

Using a noninvasive vascular Doppler, systolic pressures are taken at both arms, and at the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries on each leg by inflating pressure cuffs past the point where Doppler sounds cease, then slowly deflating the cuffs until Doppler sounds return.

The ABI is calculated by dividing the ankle pressure by the highest arm pressure. A lower systolic pressure gradient at the ankle may indicate a vascular condition.  An ABI of 1.0 - 1.4 is generally considered normal.¹

According to current CPT guidelines, Ankle Brachial Index studies are considered reimbursable when performed using a bidirectional Doppler that provides a hard-copy waveform printout. Koven's noninvasive vascular Dopplers listed below conform to current reimbursement guidelines when used as directed.